My child uses guessing strategies, such as looking at the pictures for clues, or guessing according to the first letter of the unknown word.

Flashcards were part of my child’s reading instruction.

My child reads without truly decoding or truly “sounding out” all the words.

My child’s reading instruction involved completing word sorts (grouping words or pictures according to sounds) or similar.

My child's reading instruction included lessons in which symbols are put on words.

My child decodes (“sounds out words”) letter by letter. For example, the word cat is decoded as C-A-T.

My child’s reading instruction included learning phonics with advanced words.

My child’s reading instruction included learning about consonant-vowel patterns in words or similar.

My child misspells a lot of words when writing completely unassisted on his/her own.