My child decodes (“sounds out words”) letter by letter. For example, the word cat is decoded as C-A-T.

My child misspells a lot of words when writing completely unassisted on his/her own.

Flashcards were part of my child’s reading instruction.

My child's reading instruction included lessons in which symbols are put on words.

My child’s reading instruction involved completing word sorts (grouping words or pictures according to sounds) or similar.

My child’s reading instruction included lessons that focused on the letters of the alphabet or on phonics.

My child uses guessing strategies, such as looking at the pictures for clues, or guessing according to the first letter of the unknown word.

My child reads without truly decoding or truly “sounding out” all the words.

My child’s reading instruction included learning about consonant-vowel patterns in words or similar.